Fig. 1
a DCC-mediated Netrin-1 connectivity-related processes. Throughout adolescent brain development, target recognition, axon arborization, and synapse formation are ongoing including dopamine axon targettting, long distance axonal growth, and synaptogenesis by mesocorticolimbic dopamine axons. Green gradients indicate Netrin-1 and the depicted axons express DCC. b Dcc Mutation Behavioral Effects in Mice. Ages, in post-natal days (P), and periods (early adolescence, mid adolescence, and adulthood) at which stimulant drug-induced effects on reward and information processing emerge in Dcc haploinsufficient mice. The effects are in green, based on studies of Dcc haploinsufficient mice [6, 7]. c Age of Onset of DCC-implicated Psychiatric Disorders. The DCC-implicated psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder, begin to emerge in adolescence. The interquartile ranges (25th to 75th percentiles) are indicated in green. The median ages of onset for major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder are 32, 23, and 20, respectively. Data to construct the figure were obtained from a U.S. survey and an international review [17, 18]
