Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical data on the analysable sample from this case-control study of depression cases, stratified by high or low CRP, and healthy controls.

From: Peripheral inflammation is associated with micro-structural and functional connectivity changes in depression-related brain networks

 

Controls

Cases

p

loCRP Cases

hiCRP Cases

p

n

46

83

 

50

33

 

Sex (female/male)

27/19

57/26

0.335

29/21

28/5

0.015

Age, years

35.5 (7.5)

37.1 (7.3)

0.244

36.8 (7.1)

37.6 (7.6)

0.631

Body mass index

24.5 (4.2)

26.8 (4.1)

0.002

25.6 (3.7)

28.8 (3.9)

<0.001

C-reactive protein, mg/L

0.9 (0.7)

2.9 (2.9)

<0.001

1.0 (0.7)

5.8 (2.6)

<0.001

Clinician-rated depressiona

0.5 (0.9)

19.3 (5.2)

<0.001

19.4 (5.4)

19.2 (4.9)

0.846

Self-rated depressionb

2.0 (2.8)

25.3 (8.8)

<0.001

24.7 (8.4)

26.2 (9.4)

0.445

State anxietyc

26.9 (7.8)

51.2 (10.7)

<0.001

51.2 (10.8)

51.1 (10.7)

0.957

Trait anxiety

29.4 (5.9)

60.6 (9.2)

<0.001

60.3 (9.7)

60.9 (8.6)

0.767

Fatigued

10.7 (2.5)

20.5 (5.7)

<0.001

20.4 (5.6)

20.6 (5.8)

0.866

Anhedoniae

0.2 (0.6)

5.0 (3.6)

<0.001

5.3 (3.4)

4.7 (3.8)

0.484

Childhood traumaf

38.2 (5.1)

53.2 (14.2)

<0.001

55.8 (14.9)

49.2 (12.3)

0.039

Treatment resistant

–

50

–

28 (56%)

22 (67%)

0.367

Number of antidepressants

–

2.7 (1.7)

–

2.6 (1.5)

2.9 (2.0)

0.405

  1. aHAMD-17: Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [51], a 17-item clinician-administered rating scale for reliable assessment of symptoms in patients diagnosed with depression, with a total score range 0–52.
  2. bBDI: Beck Depression Inventory version 2 [52], a 21-item self-report questionnaire, with a total score range 0–63.
  3. cSTAI: Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Rating Scale [53], a 40-item self-report measure of trait and state anxiety.[stai]
  4. dCFS: Chalder Fatigue Scale [54], a 14-item self-report instrument to measure the severity of fatigue in adults.
  5. eSHAPS: Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale [55], a 14-item self-report measure of anhedonia (loss of the normal capacity for pleasurable experience), one of two principal symptoms of depression.
  6. fCTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [56], a standardized, retrospective 28-item self-report inventory that measures the severity of five classes of childhood trauma: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect.
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