Fig. 5: Associations of single and multiple exposures to ACEs (prenatal to 18 years) with depression trajectories (18–23 years). | Molecular Psychiatry

Fig. 5: Associations of single and multiple exposures to ACEs (prenatal to 18 years) with depression trajectories (18–23 years).

From: Adverse childhood experiences and severity levels of inflammation and depression from childhood to young adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study

Fig. 5

Sample: ALSPAC (N = 3931). Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals from multinomial logistic regression models across 20 imputed datasets. Model 4—adjusted for sex, ethnicity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, mother’s marital status, mother’s education, and household’s social class. The associations are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level if the confidence interval does not cross 1 (dotted line of graph). The reference group for both single and multiple exposures to ACEs is ‘no ACE exposure’. The multiple-exposure group was not tested for sexual abuse as only a few participants reported experiences of sexual abuse twice during childhood. Reference trajectory: low depressive symptoms.

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