Table 1 Descriptive statistics.

From: Reduced hippocampal gray matter volume is a common feature of patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

 

HC (n = 110)

MDD (n = 110)

BD (n = 110)

SSD (n = 110)

p

Age

38.83 (12.21)

38.35 (11.7)

39.81 (12.25)

38.37 (11.71)

0.783

Sex

M = 54

M = 56

M = 51

M = 56

0.736

F = 56

F = 54

F = 59

F = 54

TIV

1529.98 (146.74)

1520.97 (172.35)

1539.99 (137.63)

1542.78 (180.99)

0.566

Age of onset

27 (12.19)

23.47 (10.37)

22.51 (9.02)

0.005a

In-patient treatment n, (%)

40 (36.36%)

28 (25.45%)

48 (43.64%)

0.012

Remission statush

A = 65

A = 69

A = 75

0.371

R = 45

R = 41

R = 35

Antidepressant n, (%)

71 (64.55%)

46 (41.82%)

32 (29.09%)

<0.001

Antipsychotics n, (%)

21 (19.09%)

50 (45.45%)

95 (86.36%)

<0.001

Lithium n, (%)

2 (1.82%)

31 (28.18%)

4 (3.64%)

<0.001

Anticonvulsive n, (%)

2 (1.82%)

36 (32.73%)

8 (7.27%)

<0.001

Comorbidity n, (%)

37 (33.64%)

46 (41.82%)

42 (39.09%)

0.453

HAMA

2.09 (2.61)

12.69 (8.15)

9.25 (7.35)

9.63 (7.37)

<0.001b

HAM-D

1.0 (1.6)

7.65 (5.94)

6.5 (5.97)

6.55 (5.78)

<0.001c

SANS

0.87 (2.24)

7.04 (7.52)

5.34 (7.03)

12.73 (12.52)

<0.001d

SAPS

0.20 (0.71)

0.38 (1.18)

2.3 (4.38)

10.6 (13.26)

<0.001e

YMRS

0.47 (1.06)

1.13 (1.77)

3.89 (5.94)

2.99 (5.12)

<0.001f

GAF

91.43 (7.4)

63.89 (13.7)

62.81(12.75)

54.93 (12.39)

<0.001g

  1. Mean (standard deviation); TIV total intracranial volume, HAMA Hamilton anxiety rating scale, [41] HAM-D Hamilton rating scale for depression, [40] SANS scale for the assessment of negative symptoms, [38] SAPS scale for the assessment of positive symptoms, [39] YMRS Young mania rating scale, [42] GAF global assessment of functioning [29] A acute, R partially or fully remitted.
  2. Post-hoc comparisons between groups (Tukey´s post-hoc test):
  3. aMDD > BD, SSD.
  4. bHC < MDD, BD, SSD; MDD > BD, SSD.
  5. cHC < MDD, BD, SSD.
  6. dHC < MDD, BD, SSD; SSD > MDD, BD.
  7. eSSD > HC, MDD, BD.
  8. fHC < MDD, BD, SSD; BD > SSD, MDD; SSD > MDD.
  9. gHC > MDD, BD, SSD; MDD > SSD; BD > SSD.
  10. hRemission data were missing for n = 76 patients.