Fig. 1: GFAP associates with Aβ and YKL-40 with tau accumulation.
From: Astrocyte biomarker signatures of amyloid-β and tau pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease
The panels show box-and-whisker plots of A CSF GFAP and B CSF YKL-40 levels adjusted for age-, sex-, and APOE ε4 status across AT groups. The horizontal line in each box represents the median; box ends represent the 25th and 75th percentiles. Shape of the dots depicts the clinical diagnosis (CU: 73.3% A-T-, and 26.7% A + T−; MCI: 34.5% A − T−, 34.5% A + T−, and 31.0% A + T+; AD: 23.5% A + T−, and 76.5% A + T). Groups were compared using analyses of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). C Partial residual plots of ROI-based linear regressions testing the associations of neocortical Aβ-PET SUVR with CSF GFAP and YKL-40 levels adjusting for temporal meta-ROI tau-PET SUVR. The shape of the dots depicts the AT group. D T-statistical parametric maps show the result of voxel-wise linear regression testing the regional association of Aβ-PET SUVR with CSF GFAP and YKL-40 levels adjusting for tau-PET SUVR. R and L indicate right and left, respectively; A and P denote anterior and posterior, respectively. E Partial residual plots of ROI-based linear regressions testing the associations of temporal meta-ROI tau-PET SUVR with CSF GFAP and YKL-40 levels adjusting for neocortical Aβ-PET SUVR. The shape of the dots depicts the AT group. F T-statistical parametric maps show the result of voxel-wise linear regression testing the regional association of tau-PET SUVR with CSF GFAP and YKL-40 levels adjusting for neocortical Aβ-PET SUVR. R and L indicate right and left, respectively; A and P denote anterior and posterior, respectively. Voxel-wise linear regressions were RFT-corrected for multiple comparisons at a voxel threshold of P < 0.001. Age, sex, cognitive status, and APOE ε4 status were used as covariates for adjustment in all ROI- and voxel-based linear regressions. NS not significant.
