Fig. 4: Interferon signalling pathway was affected by oxycodone but not by buprenorphine.

A the heatmap demonstrates that mRNA expression of the selected genes involved in interferon signalling pathways were mostly upregulated in clusters 2, 4, 8, 11, and 12 in response to oxycodone. V vehicle, O oxycodone, B buprenorphine. selected genes involved in interferon signalling pathways are labeled on the y axis and treatment conditions in each cell cluster are labelled on the x axis. Darker shades of red and size of the squares represent greater expression of genes and percentage of cell expressing the gene. B representative immunostaining of iPSC-derived forebrain neurons in response to oxycodone and buprenorphine. C IFNγ concentrations were quantified using ELISA in iPSC-derived forebrain neurons (F(2,15) = 6.067, p:0.01) and forebrain organoids (F2,15) = 24.18, p < 0.0001.