Fig. 1: Probiotics alleviated CEE-induced depressive-like behavior and gut microbiota dysbiosis. | Molecular Psychiatry

Fig. 1: Probiotics alleviated CEE-induced depressive-like behavior and gut microbiota dysbiosis.

From: Gut microbiota regulates chronic ethanol exposure-induced depressive-like behavior through hippocampal NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation

Fig. 1

a Experimental design. b Body weight of mice. c Daily liquid consumption of mice. d Time spent in the central area of the OFT. e Time spent in the open arms of the EPM. f Immobility time in the FST. g Serum cortisol concentration. h Dynamic motion state in the FST. i Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed the significantly enriched microbiome in each group (the legend is shown in Fig. S2b). j Taxonomic differences are based on 16S rRNA gene sequences extracted from the metagenome. k PCoA plot showing unweighted UniFrac distances, demonstrating significant changes in the gut microbiota after CEE and probiotic administration. l Probiotics attenuated CEE-induced changes in α-diversity. m, n Villus length with representative photomicrographs of ileal tissue (scale bar = 100 μm). o Intestinal permeability was detected by FD4 gavage. p, q Representative Western blot of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and quantification. r Representative Nissl staining of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) area (scale bar = 100 μm). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, n = 8. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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