Fig. 1: Ketamine exposure impairs immature SPN growth cones. | Molecular Psychiatry

Fig. 1: Ketamine exposure impairs immature SPN growth cones.

From: Ketamine impairs growth cone and synaptogenesis in human GABAergic projection neurons via GSK-3β and HDAC6 signaling

Fig. 1

A Representative Tuj1 and GABA antibodies immunostained filopodia-like extensions of ketamine-treated striatal projections neurons (SPNs) and control SPNs on Day 26. White arrow, short or long protuberances in soma. Scale bar, 10 μm. B Comparison of the soma size (n = 60), percentage of cells with filopodia (n = 15), soma filopodia (including long and short protuberances) number (n = 50) and length (n = 23) in 10 µM, 100 µM ketamine treated SPNs with control SPNs. C Representative Tuj1 and GABA antibodies immunostained growth cones in the ketamine-treated SPNs and vehicle SPNs on Day 26 (the boxed region, magnified growth cone in the right panel). SPNs are derived from H9 and hiPSC (8–12). Scale bar, 25 μm. D The growth cone counts (n = 20), growth cone ratio (n = 15), filopodia number (n = 25) and length (n = 25) of SPNs in the 10 and 100 µM ketamine-treated groups were compared with those in the control group. Data of SPNs derived from H9 and hiPSC (8–12). Data, mean ± s.e.m. One way ANOVA. *P < 0.05.

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