Table 1 Characteristics of the cohorts of patients with OUD before and after propensity-score matching performed on all listed variables.

From: Association of COVID-19 with endocarditis in patients with cocaine or opioid use disorders in the US

	Before propensity-score matching			After propensity-score matching
OUD	COVID-19 (+) cohort	COVID-19 (−) cohort	SMD	COVID-19 (+) cohort	COVID-19 (−) cohort	SMD
Total number	49,331	405,959		46,362	46,362
Age at index (years, mean ± SD)	48.2 ± 16.8	46.1 ± 16.2	0.13^a	47.7 ± 16.8	47.9 ± 16.5	0.007
Sex (%)
Female	53.6	48.5	0.10^a	53.4	52.9	0.009
Male	46.4	51.5	0.10^a	46.6	47.1	0.009
Ethnicity (%)
Hispanic/Latinx	7.6	6.6	0.04	7.5	7.5	0.001
Not Hispanic/Latinx	70.4	65.3	0.11^a	70.3	70.4	0.001
Unknown	22.0	28.1	0.14^a	22.2	22.1	0.001
Race (%)
Asian	0.4	0.4	0.005	0.4	0.4	0.002
Black	16.4	14.4	0.05	16.5	16.3	0.004
White	73.1	72.9	0.003	72.8	73.2	0.009
Unknown	9.2	11.4	0.07	9.4	9.2	0.006
Adverse socioeconomic determinants of health (%)	22.4	12.6	0.26^a	21.7	21.7	0.001
Endocarditis related comorbidities and procedures (%)
Congenital heart diseases	4.6	2.1	0.14^a	4.4	4.6	0.009
Gingivitis and periodontal diseases	2.9	1.8	0.08	2.9	2.8	0.004
Dental caries	9.7	6.3	0.13^a	9.6	9.5	0.002
Rheumatic heart diseases	6.9	2.7	0.20^a	6.4	6.5	0.005
Rheumatic fever	0.3	0.1	0.04	0.3	0.2	0.008
Hemodialysis	1.2	0.4	0.09	1.2	1.2	0.009
Surgical procedures involving heart and artery	15.0	7.5	0.24^a	14.8	14.7	0.001
Cardiac catheterization	5.5	2.5	0.16^a	5.0	5.2	0.006
Cardiac and vascular implants and grafts	10.5	5.2	0.20^a	9.9	9.9	0.001
Cocaine use disorder	14.8	11.7	0.09	14.9	14.7	0.004
Other potential cardiovascular risk factors
Obesity and overweight	33.1	18.4	0.34^a	32.1	31.7	0.007
Type 2 diabetes	26.4	14.9	0.29^a	25.6	25.6	<0.001
Hypertension	51.4	34.2	0.35^a	50.2	50.2	0.001
Cancer	35.6	20.5	0.34^a	34.1	34.0	0.002
Disorders involving the immune mechanisms	6.4	2.8	0.17^a	5.9	6.1	0.007
Atrial fibrillation and flutter	9.0	4.4	0.19^a	8.6	8.7	0.002
HIV	3.4	2.3	0.07	3.3	3.3	0.002
Viral hepatitis	17.9	14.0	0.18^a	17.8	17.8	0.001
Liver diseases	22.3	11.9	0.28^a	21.5	21.6	0.002
Chronic kidney disease	17.3	7.2	0.31^a	16.6	16.8	0.003
Tobacco use	23.5	14.2	0.24^a	22.7	22.6	0.002
Medications
Chemotherapy	12.5	6.2	0.22^a	11.7	11.6	0.005
Corticosteroids	51.8	30.6	0.44^a	50.9	50.4	0.01
Dexamethasone	38.0	20.3	0.40^a	36.8	36.6	0.003
Immunosuppressants	6.2	3.0	0.15^a	5.8	5.8	<0.001
Antidepressants	61.2	42.9	0.37^a	60.1	60.4	0.006
Antipsychotics	34.3	21.9	0.28^a	33.8	33.7	0.003
Anticonvulsants	52.2	34.4	0.36^a	51.1	50.8	0.005
CNS stimulants	19.9	10.9	0.25^a	19.5	19.2	0.008
Other CNS medications	48.2	31.4	0.35^a	47.0	46.7	0.005
EHR-documented COVID-19 vaccination	4.7	0.1	0.31^a	0.3	0.3	0.005

COVID-19 (+) cohort patients with OUD who contracted COVID-19 during 1/2020-4/2022, COVID-19 (−) cohort patients with OUD who had no documented COVID-19 but had medical encounters with healthcare organizations during 1/2020-4/2022, SMD standardized mean differences.
^aSMD greater than 0.1, a threshold being recommended for declaring imbalance.

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Table 1 Characteristics of the cohorts of patients with OUD before and after propensity-score matching performed on all listed variables.

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