Fig. 3: Comparative risk of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s and related dementia (ADRD) in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with hydroxychloroquine versus methotrexate, medicare data 2007–2017. | Molecular Psychiatry

Fig. 3: Comparative risk of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s and related dementia (ADRD) in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with hydroxychloroquine versus methotrexate, medicare data 2007–2017.

From: Hydroxychloroquine lowers Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias risk and rescues molecular phenotypes related to Alzheimer’s disease

Fig. 3

A new-user active comparator design with PS-based adjustment for confounding, was used to estimate treatment effects in four alternative analyses. Analyses indicate that the that risk of ADRD was consistently lower among HCQ initiators. The four analyses were designed to address various uncertainties associated with claims-based analyses of ADRD risk: Analysis 1: ‘As-treated’ follow-up approach; Analysis 2: ‘As-started’ follow-up approach incorporating a 6-month induction period; Analysis 3: Incorporating a 6-month ‘symptom to diagnosis’ period’ and Analysis 4: Alternate outcome definition (See Methods for additional description of analytic approach). HCQ hydroxychloroquine, MTX methotrexate, PS propensity score.

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