Fig. 3: MR estimates (IVW/Wald ratio) and 95% confidence intervals for the causal relationships of mental health and substance use disorders with physical activity and sedentary behaviour (Direction 2).

MR Mendelian randomisation, IVW inverse variance weighted, G1 genome-wide significant genetic instrument (P < 5 × 10−8); G2 = more relaxed genetic instrument (P < 1 × 10−6), PA physical activity. IVW is used for analyses involving ≥2 SNPs, and Wald ratio for analyses involving 1 SNP. Effects marked with an asterisk (*) are robust to the correction for multiple testing (i.e., FDR-adjusted p < 0.05).