Table 5 Summary of results showing pooled standardized mean differences (SMD; with Hedges’ g adjustment) between treatment and control arms.
Outcome | Trials included | k | N | Effect size estimate | p | Heterogeneity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMD | Lower 95%CI | Upper 95%CI | I2 | p | |||||
Migraine pain intensity | All | 6 | 485 | 0.63 | 0.26 | 1.50 | 0.17 | 95.19 | <0.001 |
Sham Control | 2 | 75 | 1.18 | −0.65 | 3.00 | 0.21 | 95.97 | <0.001 | |
Medication Comparison | 3 | 232 | 0.27 | −1.07 | 1.62 | 0.69 | 95.39 | <0.001 | |
Children/adolescents | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Adults | 6 | 485 | 0.63 | 0.26 | 1.50 | 0.17 | 95.19 | <0.001 | |
Blinded | 2 | 145 | 1.18 | −0.65 | 3.00 | 0.21 | 95.97 | <0.001 | |
eTNS Combined | 4 | 480 | 1.03 | 0.84 | 1.23 | <0.001 | 0 | 0.78 | |
No. monthly anti-migraine drug use | All | 3 | 260 | 0.16 | −0.23 | 0.55 | 0.41 | 59.22 | 0.08 |
Sham Control | 1 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Medication Control | 1 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Children/adolescents | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Adults | 3 | 260 | 0.16 | −0.23 | 0.55 | 0.41 | 59.22 | 0.08 | |
Blinded | 1 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
No. of migraine attacks per month | All | 2 | 157 | 0.19 | −0.14 | 0.53 | 0.26 | 10.4 | 0.29 |
Sham Control | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Medication Control | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Children/adolescents | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Adults | 2 | 157 | 0.19 | −0.14 | 0.52 | 0.26 | 10.4 | 0.29 | |
Blinded | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Migraine days | All | 3 | 260 | 0.28 | −0.08 | 0.64 | 0.13 | 52.27 | 0.12 |
Sham Control | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Medication Control | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Children/adolescents | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Adults | 3 | 260 | 0.28 | −0.08 | 0.64 | 0.13 | 52.27 | 0.12 | |
Blinded | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | na | |
Quality of life | All | 2 | 304 | 1.88 | 1.22 | 2.53 | <0.001 | 81.97 | 0.019 |
Sham Control | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | ||
Medication Control | 2 | 304 | 1.88 | 1.22 | 2.53 | <0.001 | 81.97 | 0.019 | |
Children/adolescents | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | ||
Adults | 2 | 304 | 1.88 | 1.22 | 2.53 | <0.001 | 81.97 | 0.019 | |
Blinded | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | ||
Depression dimensions | All | 3 | 111 | 0.45 | 0.01 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 22.91 | 0.27 |
Sham Control | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | ||
Medication Control | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | ||
Children/adolescents | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | ||
Adults | 2 | 50 | 0.66 | −0.07 | 1.39 | 0.08 | 39.76 | 0.2 | |
Blinded | 0 | na | na | na | na | na | na | ||
