Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics.

From: Impaired striatal glutamate/GABA regulation in violent offenders with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy

 

Group

Group comparison (healthy non-offenders vs All ASPD)

Post hoc analysis (ASPD − P vs ASPD + P)

Demographic/ Clinical Characteristica

Healthy non-offenders (n = 21)

All ASPD (n = 30)

ASPD − P (n = 16)

ASPD + P (n = 14)

Statisticb

p value

Statisticc

p value

Age

35.1 (±9.8)

38.0 (±10.1)

39.1 (±11)

36.7 (±9.3)

0.993

0.324

0.621

0.539

IQ

100.3 (±9.8)

94.8 (±11.7)

97.7 (±11.9)

91.3 (±10.9)

3.017

0.089

1.494

0.147

Age at first violent conviction

n/a

17.6 (±7.5)

17.7 (±8.3)

17.5 (±6.9)

n/a

n/a

0.090

0.929

Number of violent convictions

n/a

6.1 (±6.8)

5.6 (±7.9)

6.7 (±5.6)

n/a

n/a

−0.413

0.683

Years education

14.6 (±3.3)

10.5 (±2.4)

11.1 (±2.6)

9.8 (±1.9)

25.08

<0.001**

1.581

0.125

PCL-R Facet 1 (Interpersonal)

0.61 (±0.92)

2.93 (±1.87)

1.87 (±1.36)

4.14 (±1.65)

26.93

0.001**

−4.061

<0.001**

PCL-R Facet 2 (Affective)

0.61 (±0.92)

4.00 (±2.01)

2.93 (±1.52)

5.21 (±1.84)

51.27

<0.001**

−3.649

0.001*

PCL-R Facet 3 (Lifestyle)

1.14 (±1.27)

6.50 (±1.77)

5.56 (±1.67)

7.57 (±1.22)

140.01

<0.001**

−3.786

0.001*

PCL-R Facet 4 (Antisocial)

0.42 (±0.67)

6.86 (±2.28)

5.62 (±2.21)

8.28 (±1.38)

156.21

<0.001**

−3.994

<0.001**

PCL-R Total

3.14 (±3.07)

22.44 (±6.27)

17.51 (±3.63)

28.07 (±2.91)

169.54

<0.001**

−8.825

<0.001**

Comorbid Personality Disorder Diagnosis

Cluster A

0 (0%)

4 (13.3%)

0 (0%)

4 (28.5%)

–

0.134

–

0.0365*

Cluster B

0 (0%)

9 (30%)

1 (6.25%)

8 (57.1%)

–

0.007*

–

0.0043*

Cluster C

0 (0%)

2 (6.6%)

1 (6.25%)

1 (7.1%)

–

0.039*

–

1.0

Lifetime Substance Misuse Disorder

2 (9.5%)

8 (26.6%)

5 (31.2%)

3 (21.4%)

–

0.167

–

0.6887

  1. aContinuous data reported as mean (± standard deviation), categorical variables as raw values with (%).
  2. bF(1,49) for continuous variables; Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables (as all crosstab tables had at least one cell with less than 5).
  3. ct statistic for continuous variables; Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables (as all crosstab tables had at least one cell with less than 5).
  4. *statistically significant at p < 0.05 level; **statistically significant at p < 0.001 level.
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