Fig. 5: Relationship of PDE4B expression levels with PTSD diagnosis, symptoms, and DNA methylation levels in humans.

A, B, C Relationship of PDE4B expression levels with PTSD diagnosis and associated symptoms in humans. Plots in purple indicate PTSD patients and those in white indicate healthy controls. A Scatterplot showing the correlation between PDE4B expression levels and reexperiencing symptoms in PTSD (n = 31). B Combined dot- and box-plot showing PDE4B expression levels in PTSD patients (n = 32) compared to healthy controls (n = 16). *p = 0.031. C Scatterplot showing the correlation between PDE4B expression levels measured by microarray and trait anxiety symptoms assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait scores in the total sample (n = 48). D, E, F Mediation model in which PDE4B expression levels mediate the relationship between PDE4B cg14227435 methylation status and PTSD reexperiencing symptoms in patients. D Schema of the mediation model tested. The independent variable (X) was cg14227435 methylation level. The dependent variable (Y) was reexperiencing symptom severity. The mediator variable (M) was PDE4B mRNA expression levels. E Scatterplot showing the correlation between cg14227435 methylation levels and PDE4B expression levels in patients (n = 32). F Scatterplot showing the correlation between cg14227435 methylation levels and reexperiencing symptom severity in patients (n = 31).