Fig. 3: Transcriptomic analysis between the affected twin set and the control twin sets reveals synapse, neuron projection, and axon terminus dysregulated pathways.

A A total of 305 differentially expressed genes were found between the affected twin sets (both twins) and the healthy twins. A PCA plot of the gene expression data shown on the left. On the right, a heatmap of the 305 differentially expressed genes is presented. B Significantly dysregulated pathways between the neurons derived from the affected twin sets (both the siblings) compared to the neurons derived from the healthy twin sets are presented. C (i-ii) Heatmaps of the differentially expressed genes in the two affected twin sets (a comparison between the affected and unaffected twin) (iii-iv) Genes that appear as DEGs in our dataset as well as in GWAS. Down-regulated genes are presented in blue, and up-regulated genes in red. The font size is proportional to the number of GWAS studies that included this gene with p-value < 0.01. D Three different comparisons were performed. The affected twins (both siblings) compared to the healthy twins, the affected twin vs. their unaffected co-twin sibling (depressive disorder) in twin set 1, and similarly in twin set 3. Venn diagram reveals unique and shared genes between three comparisons. The data acquired in this figure was obtained from two biological replicates (different iPSC clones) for each of the lines.