Fig. 3: 40 Hz light flicker reduced excitatory transmission and excitatory synapses in 16p11.2 deletion female mice.

a Representative traces of sEPSC recorded in PFC in four groups. b Quantification of sEPSC frequency. c Quantification of sEPSC amplitude (WT: n = 19 cells from 4 mice, 16p: n = 13 cells from 3 mice, 16p + 40Hz-7d: n = 11 cells from 3 mice, 16p + 40Hz-14d: n = 13 cells from 3 mice). d Representative image of paired-pulse stimulation. Sti: stimulating electrode, rec: recording electrode, black circle: recorded neuron. e Representative traces of paired-pulse stimulation at the interval of 50 ms, 100 ms, and 200 ms in three groups, scale bar: 100 pA/50 ms. f Quantification of EPSC PPR (WT: n = 10 cells from 3 mice, 16p: n = 9 cells from 3 mice, 16p + 40Hz-14d: n = 19 cells from 4 mice). g Representative images of VGLUT1 immunostaining in three groups. h Quantification of VGLUT1⁺ boutons surrounding cells (WT: n = 56 cells from 5 mice, 16p: n = 51 cells from 5 mice, 16p + 40Hz-14d: n = 49 cells from 5 mice), scale bar: 10 μm. i Representative images of Golgi staining in three groups, scale bar = 3 μm. j Quantification of dendritic spines (WT: n = 31 dendrites from 3 mice, 16p: n = 29 dendrites from 3 mice, 16p + 40Hz-14d: n = 38 dendrites from 3 mice). ns, not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, unpaired t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc test, and one-way ANOVA or two-way RM ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.