Fig. 3: Brain activations related to inhibitory control for cocaine and neutral cues in presence or absence of an observer.

A The left image is a bilateral STN mask defined by [87]. The right image is a zoom-in inset showing significant Group × Social Context × Cue-type interaction [χ2 (1) = 4.82, p = 0.028] within the right STN mask for the contrast Stop Correct > Stop Incorrect. B bar graph showing relative right STN activity to cocaine and neutral cues in CUD and HC participants when being observed compared to when they were not. Higher values indicate higher STN activity during inhibition. The error bars represent the standard mean of error. C Craving for cocaine in CUD participants is positively associated with right STN activity during cocaine-related inhibitory control (cocaine vs neutral) in the non-observer condition (r = 0.69, p = 0.003). *p < 0.05.