Fig. 4: Bulk RNA-seq reveals genes enriched in neuronal development and synaptic signaling in fetal brains exposed to a high dose of prenatal IAV infection at E16.5, 7 dpi.
Top ten significantly enriched A upregulated and B downregulated GO pathways in fetal brains prenatally exposed to a high dose of IAV, quantified by –log (p-value). Pathways were generated from the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery terms (DAVID). C Heatmap of genes differentially upregulated in the glutamatergic and GABA-ergic synapse pathways. D Heatmap of genes differentially downregulated in the nervous system development and cell cycle pathways. Genes with * represent candidate genes for neurodevelopmental disorders based on the Developmental Brain Disorder Gene Database (DBD). Genes with + represent candidate genes for Autism Spectrum Disorder based on the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) genes database. IAV = influenza A virus, dpi = days post-inoculation, Con = saline control, X31hi = IAV-X31 104 TCID50, GO = gene ontology. Benjamini–Hochberg’s correction for false discovery (p < 0.1) was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Data are standardized logCPM values (Z score); dots represent one representative fetus per litter; n = 4–6 per treatment group. See Supplementary Tables S9–10 for additional statistical analysis of data collected for this figure.
