Table 2 Summary of all results from subgroup analyses and meta-regression models analyzing the effects of psychoplastogens on peripheral BDNF.
Subgroup analyses | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Healthy | Depression | Plasma | Serum | |
All psychoplastogens | 0.02 [–0.08 to 0.13] | –0.01 [–0.17 to 0.14] | 0.10 [–0.06 to 0.26] | 0.05 [–0.09 to 0.19] | –0.04 [–0.21 to 0.13] |
Ketamine | 0.03 [–0.11 to 0.17] | –0.08 [–0.25 to 0.08] | 0.10 [–0.07 to 0.27] | 0.09 [–0.17 to 0.34] | –0.05 [–0.26 to 0.17] |
Classic psychedelics | 0.05 [–0.16 to 0.26] | – | – | 0.04 [–0.20 to 0.28] | 0.09 [–4.15 to 4.33] |
Meta-regressions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dose | Timing (h) | Age | Missing values | mBDNF | Multiple infusions | |
All psychoplastogens | – | 0.0005* [0–0.001] | –0.0008 [–0.01 to 0.01] | 0.77* [0.13–1.42] | 0.007 [–0.26 to 0.27] | – |
Ketamine | – | 0.0007* [0.0002–0.001] | –0.003 [–0.02 to 0.01] | 0.76 [–0.18 to 1.70] | 0.10 [–0.14 to 0.34] | 0.26 [–0.05 to 0.56] |
Classic psychedelics | – | 0.01 [–0.01 to 0.03] | 0.005 [–0.08 to 0.09] | 0.68 [–2.01 to 3.37] | –0.32 [–1.43 to 0.79] | – |
LSD | 0.002 [–0.01 to 0.01] | 0.02 [–0.04 to 0.09] | –0.03 [–0.09 to 0.03] | 0.59 [–1.26 to 2.44] | – | – |
Psilocybin | 0.006 [–0.37 to 0.38] | –0.06 [–0.33 to 0.22] | 0.09 [–0.32 to 0.51] | 7.06 [–3.43 to 17.56] | – | – |
Design | Control group | Risk of bias | ||||
Crossover RCT | Parallel RCT | Placebo | Baseline + placebo | Some concerns | High | |
All psychoplastogens | –0.18 [–0.44 to 0.08] | –0.13 [–0.38 to 0.11] | –0.006 [–0.27 to 0.25] | -0.31* [–0.55 to –0.06] | –0.005 [–0.23 to 0.22] | 0.26* [0.05–0.46] |
Ketamine | –0.46 [–1.12 to 0.20] | –0.26* [–0.48 to –0.04] | –0.19 [–1.53 to 1.15] | – | 0.04 [–0.22 to 0.31] | 0.32* [0.02–0.62] |
Classic psychedelics | –0.32 [–1.43 to 0.79] | – | 0.005 [–1.07 to 1.08] | –0.40 [–1.19 to 0.39] | – | 0.35 [–0.04 to 0.74] |
LSD | – | – | 0.13 [–0.45 to 0.71] | –0.32 [–0.91 to 0.28] | – | 0.34 [–0.02–0.71] |
