Fig. 4: Experimental designs and behavioral effects of long-term chronic treatment with haloperidol and impact on brain activity of acid sphingomyelinase.
Data are presented as means ± SEM. a Study design for the long-term (14 days of treatment) experiment. b Total locomotion of animals in AMPH-induced hyperlocomotion (AIH) test with long-term HAL treatment (14 days, 0.5 mg/kg). c Locomotion boost between baseline level and after AMPH challenge for two 20-min intervals after long-term HAL treatment (14 days, 0,5 mg/kg). d Time spent in the central zone of the open field in the AIH test after long-term HAL treatment. (p) AUC for time spent in the central zone of the open field in the AIH test after long-term HAL treatment. e The discrimination level between novel and familiar objects in the novel object recognition (NOR) test after long-term HAL treatment. AMPH-sensitized animals display a deficit in short-term memory resulting in a lower discrimination rate. f AUC for prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle for three pulse stimuli 100, 110, and 120 dB after long-term HAL treatment. g The activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) after long-term HAL treatment in the PFC, DS, and VS. h NSM activity in three brain regions: PFC, DS, and VS after long-term HAL treatment. i AC activity in three brain regions: PFC, DS, and VS after long-term HAL treatment. j NC activity in three brain regions: PFC, DS, and VS after long-term HAL treatment. k SMS activity in three brain regions: PFC, DS, and VS after long-term HAL treatment (*p < 0.05, #p < 0.01, $p < 0.001; n = 8–10 animals/group).
