Fig. 1: Experimental stimuli and looming-related BOLD activation within cortical areas.

A Examples of the Looming paradigm stimuli. Each unique face was presented at central fixation while either increasing (approach condition) or decreasing (withdrawal condition) in size over the course of a 16 s block. The functional contrast of approach > withdrawal was computed in the analyses. B–E Bar graphs depicting mean BOLD signal level (% change from baseline) for each looming condition (App = approaching faces; Wth = withdrawing faces) and group (Healthy Control group in blue, n = 60; Psychotic Disorder group in red, n = 37) within each cortical personal space network region-of-interest (ROI), averaged over the right and left hemispheres. Error bars represent one standard error of the mean (** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001, for the approach vs. withdrawal paired t-test comparison). F, G Cortex-wide activation (approach > withdrawal) maps for the HC (n = 60) and PD (n = 37) groups, respectively, are displayed, with posterior views of the significance maps (display threshold: P < 0.001, vertex-wide corrected), overlaid on inflated cortical surface models derived from a common space brain template (fsaverage) for the left and right hemispheres (for additional views see Supplementary Figure 3). Black arrows denote cortical ROI locations, defined using an independent fMRI dataset (see Supplementary Figure 1).