Table 1 Clinical and sleep characteristics in the different groups.

From: Efficacy and mechanisms of repeated closed-loop auditory exposure during slow-wave sleep for internet gaming disorder

  

Sleep intervention group

Sleep control group

Awake intervention group

Awake control group

F/t/χ2

p

Basic characteristics

Total (Female)

21 (11)

21 (11)

21 (8)

21 (9)

χ2 = 0.53

0.91

Age

21.14 ± 2.50

21.70 ± 4.98

21.00 ± 1.86

20.52 ± 1.99

F = 0.38

0.77

BAI

29.76 ± 5.85

24.75 ± 3.14

29.75 ± 7.99

28.81 ± 7.05

F = 2.43 

0.07

PHQ-9

3.81 ± 4.52

4.42 ± 4.41

5.62 ± 4.09

5.05 ± 4.04

F = 1.18

0.32

PSQI

9.91 ± 1.73

9.45 ± 1.73

10.10 ± 1.94

10.42 ± 1.54

F = 1.13

0.34

MEQ-5

12.67 ± 2.11

11.45 ± 2.67

12.75 ± 3.24

12.52 ± 3.03

F = 0.95

0.42

ISI

6.29 ± 3.54

7.35 ± 5.53

8.05 ± 4.93

6.95 ± 5.38

F = 0.47

0.71

ESS

10.14 ± 4.56

10.60 ± 4.70

9.40 ± 5.34

9.24 ± 4.69

F = 0.37

0.78

BSSS-C

25.00 ± 4.11

25.58 ± 6.19

24.45 ± 5.66

23.86 ± 5.09

F = 0.28

0.84

CPSS

43.24 ± 7.06

39.63 ± 5.20

40.20 ± 5.60

38.65 ± 9.23

F = 1.51

0.22

First night characteristics

WASO (%)

6.50 ± 5.72

7.22 ± 5.32

/

/

t = 0.59

0.56

Sleep latency (min)

12.95 ± 9.89

12.07 ± 10.10

/

/

t = 0.26

0.80

N1 (%)

2.01 ± 1.66

3.27 ± 3.68

/

/

t = −1.27

0.21

N2 (%)

46.17 ± 9.80

47.77 ± 7.40

/

/

t = −0.55

0.59

N3 (%)

20.98 ± 6.88

19.85 ± 6.57

/

/

t = 0.50

0.62

REM (%)

24.35 ± 9.50

21.90 ± 3.79

/

/

t = 1.04

0.31

Total time (min)

507.62 ± 51.63

501.49 ± 78.63

/

/

t = 0.28

0.78

Number stimulations

300.00 ± 88.56

290.85 ± 78.01

/

/

t = 0.36

0.14

Second night characteristics

WASO (%)

4.29 ± 5.37

3.46 ± 2.97

/

/

t = 0.59

0.56

Sleep latency (min)

9.87 ± 6.47

9.98 ± 6.78

/

/

t = −0.05

0.96

N1 (%)

2.73 ± 1.94

2.49 ± 1.92

/

/

t = 0.39

0.70

N2 (%)

52.66 ± 7.10

53.11 ± 6.75

/

/

t = −0.20

0.84

N3 (%)

17.40 ± 5.80

17.98 ± 6.04

/

/

t = −0.31

0.76

REM (%)

22.91 ± 4.79

22.95 ± 3.51

/

/

t = −0.03

0.98

Total time (min)

505.10 ± 46.44

516.78 ± 40.53

/

/

t = −0.86

0.40

Number stimulations

314.62 ± 67.80

285.00 ± 57.07

/

/

t = 1.51

0.09

  1. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations.
  2. BAI beck anxiety inventory, PHQ-9 patient health questionnaire-9, PSQI Pittsburgh sleep quality index, MEQ-5 morning and evening questionnaire 5, ISI insomnia severity index, ESS epworth sleepiness scale, BSSS-C brief sensation seeking scale for Chinese, CPSS Chinese perceived stress scale, WASO wake-time after sleep onset, N1 NREM sleep stage 1, N2 NREM sleep stage 2, N3 NREM sleep stage 3, REM rapid eye movement.
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