Table 1 Summary of Publication bias analyses per protein with more than 15 studies.

From: Animal studies reveal downregulation of the Beclin-1 autophagy pathway as shared mechanism in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Protein

k

Egger’s regression

Trim and Fill

Akt

30

p = 0.8864

imputed studies: 0

LC3-II

69

p = 0.3033

imputed studies: 16

mTOR

44

p = 0.3124

imputed studies: 0

p-Akt

164

p = 0.0117*

imputed studies: 0

p-EIF4e-bp

20

p = 0.2209

imputed studies: 4

p-GSK3β (Ser9)

44

p = 0.9740

imputed studies: 0

p-mTOR

108

p = 0.9698

imputed studies: 27

p-S6 (235/236)

65

p = 0.0075

imputed studies: 21

p-S6 (240/244/245)

66

p = 0.4698

imputed studies: 19

p-S6K

68

p = 0.9472

imputed studies: 18

PTEN

34

p = 0.7551

imputed studies: 9

S6

28

p = 0.5003

imputed studies: 0

  1. k = number of included comparisons plus imputed studies.
  2. * indicates asymmetry of the funnel plot, suggesting the presence of potential publication bias or small-study effects.
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