Table 1 Demographic data and clinical scores.

From: Brain and muscle chemistry in myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID: a 7T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

 

ME/CFS patients [24]

Long COVID patients [25]

Healthy controls [24]

Statistical tests

Independent samples t-tests

ME/CFS vs HC

Long COVID vs HC

ME/CFS vs long COVID

Demographics

 Current age (years)

32.6 (1.9)

44.3 (2.3)

40.5 (2.1)

F = 8.062, p = 0.001

0.007

0.223

0.001

 Gender F/M

16/8

19/6

12/12

χ2 = 3.691, p = 0.158

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Age at onset (years)

22.4 (1.6)

42.9 (2.3)

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Time since onset (months)

122.5 (20.7)

15.3 (1.6)

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Antidepressant medication use

5/24

6/25

N/A

N/A

N/A

 BMI

23.4 (0.7)

25.1 (0.9)

22.6 (0.3)

F = 2.973, p = 0.058

N/A

N/A

N/A

Clinical scales

 ChFS

23.0 (1.1)

23.8 (0.9)

9.4 (0.5)

F = 88.619, p < 0.0001

p < 0.0001

p < 0.0001

1.000

 BDI

14.2 (1.8)

14.8 (1.4)

2.0 (0.6)

F = 29.184, p = 0.000

0.000

0.000

1.000

 STAI-S

35.3 (1.7)

36.5 (2.4)

29.0 (1.7)

F = 4.276, p = 0.018

0.076

0.026

1.000

  1. Values represent numbers or mean (SEM).
  2. F females, M males, BMI body mass index, ChFS chalder fatigue scale, BDI beck depression inventory, STAI-S spielberger state anxiety inventory – state. Independent samples t-tests were performed only for significant one-way ANOVA.
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