Fig. 2: Mechanisms and Biomarkers Shared between the Torpor/Hibernation Phenotype and Bipolar Depression. | Molecular Psychiatry

Fig. 2: Mechanisms and Biomarkers Shared between the Torpor/Hibernation Phenotype and Bipolar Depression.

From: Metabolic plasticity: an evolutionary perspective on metabolic and circadian dysregulation in bipolar disorder

Fig. 2

PI3K - Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase, AKT - Protein Kinase B, mTOR - Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin, HIF1 - Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, PDHC - Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, PDKs - Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinases, D-β-Hydroxybutyrate - D-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, Acetoacetate - Acetoacetate, Acetoacetyl-CoA - Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A, NAD + - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (oxidized form), NADH – Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (reduced form), FAD - Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide, FADH2 - Reduced Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide, ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate, ADP - Adenosine Diphosphate.

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