Fig. 1: Mismatch negativity waveform.

a The mismatch negativity waveform on memantine and placebo in control participants from the memantine-placebo study. There was no significant difference between sessions. b The mismatch negativity waveform for people with Alzheimer’s disease from the NTAD study at baseline and follow up. The amplitude was significantly reduced over time by Alzheimer’s disease (baseline versus follow-up for people with Alzheimer’s disease from the NTAD study, t = −2.92, p = 0.003). c The mismatch negativity amplitude correlated with MMSE for people with Alzheimer’s disease from the NTAD study (r = −0.4, p = 0.01).