Fig. 8

Cytokines released by human Tc2 cells promote eosinophil shape change and survival, and induce eosinophil chemokine production from airway epithelial cells. a Concentrations of IL-5 (white bars) and GM-CSF (grey bars) determined by ELISA were increased in the supernatants from Tc2 cells treated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies (supernatant 3/28) compared with the supernatants from the cells without treatment (supernatant UT). b Supernatant 3/28 induced more eosinophil shape change in fresh blood than supernatant UT, which was reversed by adding anti-IL-5 antibody. c Supernatant 3/28 reduced annexin V-positive eosinophils induced by serum withdrawal in the culture, which was reversed by adding anti-GM-CSF antibody. d Concentrations of IL-4 (white bars) and IL-13 (grey bars) were increased in the supernatants of Tc2 cells treated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies (supernatant 3/28) or 100 nM PGD₂/50 nM LTE₄ (supernatant P/L) compared with untreated cells (supernatant UT). e, f Tc2 supernatants, particularly from treated cells, induced CCL11/24/26 (eotaxin-1/2/3) productions in A549 cells (e) or CCL26 in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (f) measured by Luminex, which were inhibited significantly by neutralising antibodies against IL-4 and IL-13. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.001 (n = 3 for a and f; n = 4 for b–e)