Fig. 3

Homeostasis of helper CD4 and regulatory T cells during acute asthma. a CD4 T cell composition during Asthma. t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was generated by Cytofkit among concatenated representative patients with acute or stable asthma and healthy controls. The expression of each marker was automatically scaled. b Differentiation of CD4 T cells during acute and stable asthma. c Characterization of CD4 T cells during asthma. Representative heat map of the fluorescence intensity in clusters from healthy controls, acute, and stable asthma patients. d Identification of Helper CD4 T cells during asthma. Th1, Th17, and Th1-Th17 subsets were identified as CCR6⁻CXCR3⁺, CCR6⁺CXCR3⁻, and CCR6⁺CXCR3⁺ respectively. e Depletion of Th1 and increased frequency of peripheral Th17 populations during acute asthma. Comparison of the frequencies of Helper CD4 T cells among the healthy control group, the acute asthma group, and the stable asthma group (n = 72) was performed by flow cytometry. f Inversion of Th1/Th2 and Th1/Th17 ratio during acute asthma. g Increased CCR4 expression on Th2 and Th17 CD4 T cells during acute asthma. Statistical analysis of CCR4 MFI in Helper CD4 T cells was performed among the healthy control group, the acute asthma group, and the stable asthma group (n = 72)