Fig. 9

moDCs promote CDG-induced Tfh and GC B cell generation in the lung. a, b WT mice were administered with Ea-OVA (10 µg) or Ea-OVA/CDG (5 µg) for 16 h. YAE⁺ moDCs (a) and CD86⁺YAE⁺ moDCs (b) were determined by Flow cytometry. n = 3. c, d WT, TNFR2^−/−, or TNFR2^−/− mice receiving (i.n.) WT monocytes were immunized with CDG/PspA. At Day 14, CD4⁺PD1⁺CXCR5⁺ Tfh (c) and CD19⁺ Bcl6⁺ B cells (d) were determined in the lung by flow cytometry. n = 3. e TNFR2⁺ and TNFR2⁻ cDC2 were adoptively transferred into IRF4^fl/flCD11c^cre mice and immunized with CDG/PspA. At Day 14, CD4⁺ Bcl6⁺ Tfh were determined by flow cytometry. n = 3. f Model: following CDG administration, TNFR2⁻ cDC2 produced mTNF to activate moDCs, which will generate Tfh to mediate the antibody response. Graphs represent means ± standard error from three independent experiments. The significance is represented by an asterisk (*) where p < 0.05 (unpaired Student’s t-test)