Fig. 1 | Mucosal Immunology

Fig. 1

From: Alcohol-induced IL-17A production in Paneth cells amplifies endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and inflammasome-IL-18 activation in the proximal small intestine in mice

Fig. 1

Alcohol induces cell death and inflammation in the proximal small intestine and leads to bacterial product translocation. a Bacterial product translocation to the liver was detected by qPCR of bacterial 16s rDNA and (b) by chromogenic endotoxin quantification of liver LPS levels after calorie-controlled pair-fed diet (PF) or 10 days of 5% alcohol in liquid diet plus binge alcohol (10 day EtOH 9 h binge) in mice. c–d Cell death was measured in the proximal small intestine (PSI) using Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining. e mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, Tnfα, Il-6, Il1β, Mcp1, Il23, Il17a, were measured by qPCR. n = 5–7 mice/group; *p < 0.05

Back to article page