Fig. 2 | Mucosal Immunology

Fig. 2

From: Alcohol-induced IL-17A production in Paneth cells amplifies endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and inflammasome-IL-18 activation in the proximal small intestine in mice

Fig. 2

Alcohol increases the frequency of Paneth cells in the proximal small intestine and results in their degranulation. a Representative images and (c) quantification of PAS-stained proximal small intestinal sections. Inserts show individual crypts. b Representative images and (d) quantification of lysozyme immunohistochemistry (IHC) in PCs from pair-fed (PF) or 10 day EtOH 9 h binge alcohol-fed mice. e Crypt degranulation (highlighted by magnifications of (a) where PAS-positive material is observed in the crypt lumen in EtOH) was measured in the PSI and the DSI after 10 day EtOH 9 h binge alcohol exposure. f Expression of differentiation and stem markers, including Sox9, Igfbp4, Spdef, Math1, Klf4 and Lgr5, were measured by qPCR in the PSI and DSI in alcohol-fed and pair-fed mice. g Expression of antimicrobial peptide genes, including Cryptdins; defensins Defcr1, Defcr4, and Defa-rs1; PLA2g2a; lysozymes Lyz1 and Lyz2; and Muc2, were also measured by qPCR. n = 5–7 mice/group; *p < 0.05

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