Fig. 6
Co-culture of ILC2s with RANK-L expressing cells enhanced the production of type 2 cytokines. a The schema of our co-culture study is shown. b, c, e We performed a (1:1) cell number co-culture using sorted NP ILC2s with NP CRTH2−CD4 + T cells (n = 10, b), NP ILC2s with NP TH2 cells (n = 12, c), and NP ILC2s with NP CXCL16 + cells (n = 4, e) for 4 days. We also cultured equal numbers of NP ILC2s, NP CRTH2− CD4 + T cells, NP TH2, and NP CXCL16 + cells separately (Individual culture) for 4 days. d, f The ratio of IL-5 and IL-13 production in the co-culture of NP ILC2s with TH2 cells or ILC2s with CXCL16 + cells to the sum of individual culture is shown (d, n = 12, f, n = 4). g NP ILC2s were co-cultured with NP TH2 cells in the presence or absence of 10 µg/ml denosumab and isotype human control IgG2 (n = 8) for 4 days. The concentrations of IL-5 and IL-13 were measured by Luminex assay. Cytokine amounts were shown in pg from 10,000 ILC2s plus 10,000 T cells or 10,000 CXCL16 + cells. Not significant (NS), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 were calculated by Wilcoxon test (b, c), ratio paired t test (e), and Friedman test (g)
