Fig. 1: MuHV-4 infection inhibits the development of PVM-induced immunopathologies.

a–j Thirty days after i.n. Mock or MuHV-4 infection, BALB/c mice were vaccinated (2 s.c. injections of 10 µg of FI-PVM Ags or Ctrl Ags in 100 µL PBS at 14 days intervals), then challenged i.n. with 3.10² PFU of PVM (or PBS) and euthanized 5 days later. Experimental outline (a). Absolute numbers of total leucocytes, AMs, lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils in BALF (b) and in lung (e). Flow cytometry of BALF eosinophils (gated as live non-autofluorescent SSC^hiCD11b^intSiglecF⁺) (c) and neutrophils (gated as live non-autofluorescent CD11c⁻SSC^intCD11b⁺Ly6G⁺) (d). Flow cytometry of lung inflammatory eosinophils (gated as live CD45⁺ non-autofluorescent SSC^hiCD11c⁻CD11b⁺SiglecF^hi) (f) and neutrophils (gated as live CD45⁺ non-autofluorescent SSC^intCD11c⁻SiglecF⁻CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺) (g). Histological analysis of lung sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) (h). Cytokines concentration in BALF (i) and in supernatants of MLN cells assessed with or without restimulation for 3 days ex vivo with heat-inactivated PVM (HI-PVM) (j). Data are presented as means ± SEM. *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01 and ***P ≤ 0.001 (one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-tests). Data are representative of at least three independent experiments with five mice per group.