Fig. 2: CD4⁺ T_RM cells persist for >1 yr in the transplanted SI.

a Representative contour plots at 52 weeks (wk) after Tx and b compile data for the fractions of donor-derived CD4⁺ T cells in LP CD103⁻ (red) and CD103⁺ (blue) compartments as well as IE CD103⁻ (gray) and CD103⁺ (green) at 3 (n = 20), 6 (n = 18), and 52 wk after Tx (n = 14) determined by HLA class I expression (as in a). Gray columns indicate median values and lines represent interquartile range. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA for repeated measures (RM) with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ns, not significant; ***P ≤ 0.001; c Pearson correlation of the percentages of donor-derived cells in the above-mentioned LP and IE CD4⁺ T cell subsets 1-yr after Tx. Statistics performed using two-tailed P-value (95% confidence interval, n = 14). d Frequencies of persisting donor cells in different subsets of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells from the same biopsies of donor duodenum at 52 wk post-Tx. Data for CD8⁺ T cells has been previously published.⁸ Gray bars indicate median values. RM two-way ANOVA. ****P ≤ 0.0001; ns, non-significant. e Representative confocal image of biopsies obtained from donor duodenum (male) of a female patient at one-year post-transplantation. Tissue sections were stained with X/Y chromosome fluorescent in situ hybridization probes (Y, green; X, red) and antibodies against CD4 (red) and CD3 (blue). Hoechst (gray) stains individual nuclei. Scale bars, 50 and 10 µm, respectively.