Fig. 1: Cigarette smoke exposure compromises the induction of nasal and systemic IgA responses following intranasal LPS/OVA immunization.

A C57BL/6 mice were exposed to room air (RA) or cigarette smoke (CS) for the indicated durations. Subsequently, three doses of LPS/OVA or PBS vehicle were administered intranasally to the upper respiratory tract, once daily. After 2 weeks of continued exposure, mice received four booster doses of LPS/OVA or vehicle. Animals were culled and samples collected at the indicated timepoints. OVA-specific or LPS-specific antibodies of the indicated isotypes were measured in the indicated samples by ELISA at (B, C) the indicated timepoints or (D, E, G–I) 3dpb. B, C Data represent n = 3–10 mice per group from three independent experiments. D, G, H Data represent n = 3–7 mice per group. E Data represent n = 10 mice per group from two independent experiments. F Total IgA was measured by ELISA at the indicated timepoints. Data represent 5–10 mice per group from two independent experiments. I Mice were exposed to room air or cigarette smoke for 1 week and immunized with polyI:C/OVA as per the schedule in panel A. Data represent n = 4–5 mice per group. E Linear regression and Pearson’s correlation, dotted lines represent 95% confidence bands. All others two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05.