Fig. 6: ERK signaling and GATA3 expression are reduced by bilirubin on human ILC2s.

a Human ILC2s sorted from cord blood were stimulated for 3 days with IL-2 and IL-7 or IL-2, IL-7 plus IL-33 in the presence of increasing concentrations of UCB. The amounts of indicated cytokines in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. Cells cultured in medium containing IL-2 and IL-7 were used as control. b Human ILC2s from cord blood were treated with UCB or vehicle (Veh) and /or Honokiol (5 μM) and /or BIM1 (5 μM) for 48 h. Flow cytometric analysis of p-ERK1/2 levels was performed in sorted human ILC2s. c Flow cytometric analysis of GATA3 expression in sorted human ILC2s cultured in the presence of IL-2, IL-7, and IL-33 with the indicated treatments for 3 d. d The proliferation of sorted human ILC2s was determined by Ki-67 staining in the presence of IL-2, IL-7, and IL-33 with the indicated treatments for 3 d. e The amount of IL-5 and IL-13 in the supernatants from d was measured by ELISA. Data are representative of three independent experiments. Error bars show mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test (b–e) or one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test (a). ns not significant.