Fig. 2: Changes in sex hormones in plasma and bacteriuria in women and men over time.
From: The impact of biological sex on diseases of the urinary tract
The global percentage of sex hormone levels, as the maximum mean testosterone and the maximum mean estradiol level, in men (blue squares) and women (red circles) and bacteriuria prevalence in men (green triangles) and women (purple diamonds) is shown over time. In infancy, UTI prevalence is represented instead of bacteriuria. In the first 6 months of life, male infants have a higher prevalence of UTI than female infants, but this sex difference is reversed during childhood and remains over the lifetime of men and women. Figure adapted from ref. 37 with bacteriuria data from refs. 20,25,26,27,28,29,30,32,38,39,43,149.
