Fig. 1: Hallmark features of asthma are upregulated across HDM, CRE, and RSV exacerbated allergic mice.

a Schematic of in vivo exacerbation models, indicating sensitization phase (days 0–2) to HDM, followed by HDM challenge phase (days 14–17). Exacerbation was induced on day 27 by RSV infection (H/RSV), or on day 29 using allergens (HDM (H/HDM) or CRE (H/CRE)). b Measurement of airways resistance determined using flexivent lung-function platform, in response to incremental doses of nebulized methacholine represented as a percentage increase over baseline (PBS only) readings. c Differential counts of immune cells isolated from mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using light microscopy, represented as cells as per milliliter. d Levels of mucus hypersecretion (MSCs) or eosinophil infiltration were assessed and scorings for histopathology (inflammatory infiltrates) were performed on the lung sections. e Representative histological pictures of AB-PAS stained mouse lung sections. Values are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 6–8. All experiments shown are representative of three independent experiments. #Designates significant differences compared to both SAL and HDM groups (#p < 0.05); *Designates significant differences compared to SAL group (*p < 0.05). HPF represents high power field.