Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants in the 15 included studies

From: Meta-analysis of cortical thickness abnormalities in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder

Study

Number (female)

Age at study, y

Age of onset, y

Illness duration, y

Mean number of episodes

Statistic of cortical thickness (correction)

Score of severity (scale type)

Medication status

Scanner field strength (Tesla)

Voxel size (mm3)

MDD

HCs

P value for sex

MDD

HCs

P value for age

Han et al. [19]

20 (15)

22 (15)

0.63

42.7

43.7

0.81

NA

0.4

1.8

P < 0.05 (MCS)

19 (HDRS-17)

All naive

3.0

1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0

Kakeda et al. [13]

40 (20)

47 (13)

0.05

46.6

40.7

0.06

NA

0.5

1.0

P < 0.05 (MCS)

22 (HDRS-17)

All naive

3.0

0.9 × 0.9 × 1.2

Lan et al. [30]

56 (32)

54 (26)

0.65

36.9

31.8

0.06

23.4

13.6

NA

P < 0.05 (MCS)

24 (HDRS-17)

All Untreated > 2 weeks

3.0

1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0

Liu et al. [28]

30 (13)

41 (13)

0.32

44.9

41.2

0.22

NA

NA

1.0

P < 0.05 (MCS)

21 (HDRS-17)

All naive

3.0

0.9 × 0.9 × 1.2

Na et al. [29]

45 (34)

72 (51)

0.31

41.6

40.7

0.35

NA

2.5

1.8

P < 0.05 (MCS)

20 (HDRS-17)

All naive

3.0

1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0

Niu et al. [16]

36 (19)

30 (13)

0.68

29.1

27.8

0.78

24.9

3.5

1.8

P < 0.05 (MCS)

27 (HDRS-24)

Untreated > 6 months (n = 17) Naive (n = 19)

3.0

NA

Peng et al. [9]

16 (9)

16 (9)

1.00

34.4

33.9

0.77

33.3

0.2

1.0

P < 0.05 (FDR)

31 (HDRS-24)

All naive

3.0

0.9375 × 0.9375 × 1.0000

Qiu et al. [7]

46 (33)

46 (33)

1.00

34.9

35.4

0.58

NA

0.4

1.0

P < 0.05 (FDR)

23 (HDRS-17)

All naive

3.0

NA

Späti et al. [14]

21 (10)

35 (20)

0.49

36.6

32.7

 > 0.2

NA

NA

6.0

P < 0.05 (MCS)

26 (BDI)

Untreated > 6 weeks (n = 5) Naive (n = 16)

3.0

0.94 × 0.94 × 1.00

Taylor et al. [18]

74 (52)

91 (56)

0.24

36.4

29.9

NAa

NA

5.9

3.1

P < 0.05 (MCS)b

24 (MADRS)

All Untreated > 1 month

3.0

0.9 × 0.9 × 1.2

van et al. [12]

40 (27)

31 (19)

0.95

35.0

34.7

0.90

33.6

1.2

1.0

P < 0.05 (FDR)

13 (HDRS-17)

Untreated (n = 20)c/naive (n = 20)

1.5

1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0

van et al. [10]

23 (15)

22 (14)

0.91

50.7

50.8

0.98

40.8

NA

2.8

P < 0.05 (MCS)

22 (HDRS-17)

All Untreated > 1 week

1.5

1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0

Wagner et al. [17]

30 (25)

30 (25)

1.00

37.6

35.1

NAd

31.6

6.0

1.3

P < 0.05 (MCS)

25 (HDRS-21)

Untreated (n = 23)c/naive (n = 7)

1.5

1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0

Yang et al. [15]

27 (13)

27 (13)

1.00

28.6

28.7

0.07

27.8

0.8

1.0

P < 0.001 (Uncorr)

28 (HDRS-24)

All naive

3.0

1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0

Zorlu et al. [11]

25 (15)

22 (14)

0.71

36.7

38.5

0.45

30.6

NA

1.7

P < 0.05 (MCS)

26 (HDRS-17)

All Untreated > 2 months

1.5

1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0

  1. BDI Beck Depression Inventory, FDR false discovery rate, HCs healthy controls, HDRS-17/21/24 17/21/24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, MADRS Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale, MCS Monte Carlo simulations, MDD major depression disorder, NA not available, Uncorr uncorrected, y year
  2. aAlthough this study did not demonstrate the result of age compared between all the patients (both without and with thoughts of death) and controls, age was controlled as a covariate for all the group comparisons of cortical thickness
  3. bThe author confirmed that there were no statistically significant differences in cortical thickness between the control group and the entire MDD group by email
  4. cThese studies did not report the period of the untreated state
  5. dThis study did not report the P values of mean age, but they stated no differences in age between patients with MDD and HCs
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