Fig. 5: Risk factors in PFC development.

Schematic overview of genetic and environmental risk factors during pregnancy to be the possible cause of NDDs (Clockwise: Genetic causes, Smoking, Drinking, prescription or recreational Drugs, certain combination of Nutrients, Physical factors such as UV, ultrasound or various radiations, Toxins, Virus infections). Possible causes for NDDs include specific genetic or environmental factors as well as a combination of both.