Fig. 3: Modulation of the extent to which choice features drive behavior by amisulpride and propranolol.

A Participants were more likely to stay at the current option when the previous reward was high and the impact of the previous reward was particularly high after amisulpride intake. B The impact of travel time on choice behavior was mostly pronounced in the amisulpride group, with a lower tendency to switch in particular when the travel time was long. C While the depletion rate did not influence choices in placebo and propranolol groups, participants in the amisulpride group switched in particular in the face of a high depletion rate (D). The amisulpride group tended to collect a higher number of rewards in environments with short travel times, compared to the propranolol group (t(45) = 1.80, p = 0.078, d = 0.53). In blocks with long travel times, participants tended to collect more rewards after amisulpride intake, compared to placebo (t(43) = 1.97, p = 0.055, d = 0.59). E Exit thresholds differed between environments, but not between groups, red lines reflect the optimal exit threshold in the short and in the long travel time environment, following the marginal value theorem (MVT). Please note that the critical difference between the amisulpride and propranolol groups (A–C) remains if the two participants with the lowest reward sum (D) are removed from the analysis. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean.