Fig. 1: Currently available neurotransmitter binding sensors and preclinical research example.

a Representative list of currently available GPCR and PBP based neurotransmitter binding sensors. b Example of a genetically encoded sensor used to better understand neuronal pattern changes that occur during drug addiction. The dopamine-binding sensor dLight has been used to demonstrate how heroin use changes dopamine-driven reward circuits, increasing reward response upon entry to locations of drug abuse. Adapted from [10].