Table 2 Drug effects on sustained attention, working memory, self-reported sleep quality, post-awakening sleepiness, and affective state.

From: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate to promote slow-wave sleep in major depressive disorder: a randomized crossover trial

VARIABLES

PLACEBO

MEAN ± SD

PLA-TRA

P-VALUE

TRAZODONE

MEAN ± SD

TRA-GHB

P-VALUE

GHB

MEAN ± SD

PLA-GHB

P-VALUE

P-VALUE

CONDITION

PVT, median RT

307.8 ± 44.2

 

320.3 ± 44.7

 

307.5 ± 33.8

 

0.16

PVT, lapses

5.5 ± 7.6

0.95

7.7 ± 11.8

<0.001

3.4 ± 3.6

<0.001

<0.001

N-back, median speed

1.8 ± 0.5

 

1.7 ± 0.5

 

1.8 ± 0.5

 

0.64

N-back, accuracy

0.87 ± 0.10

 

0.86 ± 0.11

 

0.88 ± 0.10

 

0.88

MQ awakening, n

2.1 ± 1.3

 

1.7 ± 1.4

 

1.6 ± 1.3

 

0.28

MQ time awake, min

26.4 ± 50.5

 

18.8 ± 29.8

 

12.7 ± 15.7

 

0.06

MQ superficial sleep, VAS

43.6 ± 16.1

 

45.8 ± 22.4

 

38.3 ± 18.7

 

0.38

MQ undisturbed sleep, VAS

48.8 ± 16.1

 

55.9 ± 18.7

 

53.0 ± 20.1

 

0.30

MQ awakening recovery, VAS

38.6 ± 18.2

0.059

29.2 ± 20.3

0.019

41.8 ± 25.8

0.64

0.043

MQ awakening energy, VAS

45.9 ± 12.5

0.086

39.6 ± 15.9

0.003

51.4 ± 17.0

0.20

0.012

KSS pre-sleep, score

6.2 ± 2.1

 

5.8 ± 1.8

 

5.6 ± 1.9

 

0.26

KSS post-awakening, score

6.1 ± 2.1

0.028

7.3 ± 1.6

0.014

5.9 ± 2.4

0.81

0.025

PANAS positive evening, score

22.3 ± 5.2

 

22.3 ± 6.0

 

21.8 ± 6.6

 

0.85

PANAS negative evening, score

16.0 ± 5.4

 

16.6 ± 5.7

 

15.1 ± 4.1

 

0.35

PANAS positive morning, score

24.0 ± 7.8

 

20.7 ± 8.0

 

23.5 ± 7.5

 

0.15

PANAS negative morning, score

14.5 ± 4.7

 

15.0 ± 3.9

 

14.6 ± 3.3

 

0.92

  1. Table reports means ± standard deviations. Model statistics refers to LMERs with condition (placebo vs. trazodone vs. GHB) and night order as factors. Significance levels of posthoc pairwise comparisons between conditions are reported if the model was found significant for the variable condition.
  2. PVT Psychomotor Vigilance Test, RT response time, MQ Morning Questionnaire, VAS Visual Analogue Scale (1–100), KSS Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, PANAS Positive and Negative Affective Scale.
  3. P-values <0.05 are in bold.