Table 2 Concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)

 Glucose

4.9 ± 0.1

5.3 ± 0.1

5.5 ± 0.1^a

4.8 ± 0.2^b

5.0 ± 0.1^b

 Insulin

14.4 ± 1.5

4.0 ± 0.5^a

18.3 ± 2.3^b

20.9 ± 2.3^b

 Glucagon

132 ± 12

96 ± 6

62 ± 3^a

134 ± 11^b

145 ± 12^b

 Ghrelin

1319 ± 180

1563 ± 236^a

1230 ± 179^b

1165 ± 130^b

 CCK

6.3 ± 0.7

3.8 ± 0.3

3.5 ± 0.4^a

5.4 ± 0.6^b

6.2 ± 0.7^b

 GIP

24.2 ± 1.3

10 ± 1^a

31 ± 2^b

31 ± 2^b

 GLP-1

32.4 ± 3.1

21.4 ± 1.2

20 ± 2^a

29 ± 3^b

32 ± 2^c

 Glucose

5.0 ± 0.1

5.6 ± 0.2

5.3 ± 0.1

 Insulin

5.1 ± 1.2

7.6 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 0.4^a

3.5 ± 0.4^a

11.9 ± 1.6^b

 Glucagon

99 ± 6

84 ± 6

59 ± 3^a

71 ± 7^b

145 ± 10^c

 Ghrelin

1477 ± 253

1713 ± 294^a

1633 ± 281^a

1085 ± 194^b

 CCK

4.8 ± 0.5

3.1 ± 0.2

3.1 ± 0.3^a

3.4 ± 0.4^a

5.3 ± 0.4^b

 GIP

19.2 ± 1.2

7 ± 1^a

19 ± 1^b

31 ± 2^c

 GLP-1

35 ± 3

23 ± 1

20 ± 2^a

28 ± 2^b

38 ± 3^c

 Glucagon

65 ± 5*^,a

154 ± 18*^,b

177 ± 15*^,c

58 ± 4^a

115 ± 10^b

114 ± 11^b

 GLP-1

23.0 ± 2.4^a

35.0 ± 4.2^b

39.1 ± 3.0*^,b

17.2 ± 1.3^a

22.5 ± 1.4^,b

24.7 ± 1.4^b

 GIP

7.6 ± 1.7*^,a

19.6 ± 1.8*^,b

31.8 ± 3.7^c

5.9 ± 1.9^a

21.4 ± 2.2^b

32.9 ± 3.9^c