Table 2 Progression to metabolic and cardiovascular complications of participants who completed the open label extension study (n = 31)

From: Long-term metformin treatment in adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance, results of an open label extension study

 

Start RCT

T = 0

End RCT

T = 18

End extension study

T = 36

p-Value

T0 vs. T18

p-Value

T18 vs. T36

p-Value

T0 vs. T36

Obese waist

30 (97)

25 (81)

26 (84)

0.03

1.00

0.03

Impaired FPG

—

1 (3)

3 (10)

0.37

0.53

0.15

IGT

2 (6)

2 (6)

4 (13)

0.41

1.00

0.68

T2DM

—

—

1 (3)

—

—

—

High triglyceride

8 (26)

6 (19)

7 (23)

0.53

0.71

0.74

Low HDL

6 (19)

8 (26)

11 (36)

0.48

0.26

0.06

Microalbuminuria

1 (3)

1 (3)

1 (3)

—

—

—

High SBP

8 (26)

7 (23)

2 (6)

1

1

0.03

High DBP

2 (6)

3 (10)

1 (3)

0.56

0.56

0.56

MetS

7 (23)

6 (19)

9 (29)

0.74

0.26

0.56

AIX (%)

−0.2 (−19.0–17.5)

−3.1 (−29.0–16.5)

2.3 (−19.0–20.0)

0.12

0.04

0.25

PWV (ms-1)

3.9 (2.4–5.0)

4.2 (1.5–6.4)

4.6 (3.1–6.7)

0.10

0.10

<0.01

PWV-sds

0.3 (0.2–0.7)

0.4 (0.2–7)

0.4 (0.2–0.6)

0.31

0.62

0.14

  1. p-Values represents the differences between follow-up measurements in study participants (Wilcoxon signed rank test). Bold entries are used for p-values which were below the significance level of <0.05.
  2. RCT randomized controlled trail, FPG impaired fasting plasma glucose, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, HDL high-density lipoprotein, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MetS metabolic syndrome, AIX augmentation index, PWV pulse wave velocity
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