Table 1 Baseline and 2-year follow-up data related to lifestyle in the SLS and control groups.

From: The Smart Life Stay (SLS) program: effects of a lifestyle intervention program in combination with health tourism and health guidance for type 2 diabetes

Questionnaire

SLS

(n = 792)

P-value

Control

(n = 3645)

P-value

Baseline

2-year

Baseline

2-year

Smoking

 Current habitual smoking

      

  No

664/792

686/792

<0.001***

2478/3645

2572/3645

<0.001***

83.8%

86.6%

 

68.0%

70.6%

 

Exercise

 Regular exercise

      

  Yes

230/792

331/792

<0.001***

860/3645

918/3645

0.022*

29.0%

41.8%

 

23.6%

25.2%

 

 Physical activity

      

  Yes

287/792

352/792

<0.001***

1870/3645

1927/3645

0.037*

36.2%

44.4%

 

51.3%

52.9%

 

Diet

  

 Late dinner

      

  No

525/792

560/792

0.005**

1695/3645

2128/3645

<0.001***

66.3%

70.7%

 

46.5%

58.4%

 

 Snacks

      

  No

637/792

676/792

<0.001**

2881/3645

2922/3645

0.090

80.4%

85.4%

 

79.0%

80.2%

 

 Skipping breakfast

      

  No

683/792

658/792

0.008**

3202/3645

3105/3645

<0.001***

86.2%

83.1%

 

87.8%

85.2%

 

Alcohol

  

 Daily drinking

      

  No

627/792

593/792

<0.001***

2307/3645

2268/3645

0.047*

79.2%

74.9%

 

63.3%

62.2%

 

Trans-theoretical model

  

 Action or maintenance phase

      

  Yes

274/792

424/792

<0.001***

1426/3645

1380/3645

0.108

34.6%

53.5%

 

39.1%

37.9%

 
  1. Questionnaire:
  2. (1) Are you currently a habitual smoker? (“A current habitual smoker” is defined as a person who has smoked a total of 100 cigarettes or more, or has a history of smoking for more than 6 months, and has been smoking for the past one month).
  3. (2) Have you performed exercise with slight sweating for 30 min or more, at least twice a week, for more than 1 year?
  4. (3) Do you walk or engage in some physical exercise equivalent to walking, for 1 h or more a day?
  5. (4) Do you eat dinner within 2 h before sleep at least three times a week?
  6. (5) Do you eat any snacks after dinner (a bed time snack, other than three regular meals) three times or more a week?
  7. (6) Do you miss breakfast three times or more a week?
  8. (7) Do you drink alcoholic beverages every day?
  9. (8) Have you already attempted to improve your lifestyle for <6 months (action phase) or more than six months (maintenance phase) based on the trans-theoretical model?
  10. SLS Smart Life Stay program group.
  11. *P-value < 0.05, **P-value < 0.01, ***P-value < 0.001 (baseline vs. 2 years).
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