Table 3 Echocardiographic parameters in MAFLD patients vs. controls.

From: Metabolic biomarkers related to cardiac dysfunction in metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional analysis

Variable

Total (n = 75)

MAFLD (n = 38)

Controls (n = 37)

P-value

LVEF (%), mean (SD)

51.187 (6.887)

49.632 (6.851)

52.784 (6.638)

0.047

Stroke volume (ml), mean (SD)

50.032 (14.104)

53.158 (13.257)

46.821 (14.4)

0.051

Cardiac output, median (IQR)

3.498 (2.815–4.35)

3.761 (3.005–5.139)

3.131 (2.574–3.96)

0.034

Early diastolic peak velocity - E (m/s), mean (SD)

0.76 (0.192)

0.681 (0.17)

0.842 (0.18)

<0.001

Late diastolic peak velocity - A (m/s), median (IQR)

0.51 (0.43–0.735)

0.72 (0.485–0.802)

0.48 (0.42–0.55)

<0.001

E/A ratio, median (IQR)

1.411 (1.007–1.819)

1.124 (0.706–1.425)

1.8 (1.364–2)

<0.001

Early diastolic velocity – e′ (m/s), median (IQR)

0.13 (0.105–0.17)

0.11 (0.082–0.13)

0.17 (0.14–0.2)

<0.001

Late diastolic velocity – a′ (m/s), median (IQR)

0.09 (0.07–0.13)

0.09 (0.08–0.158)

0.09 (0.07–0.13)

0.276

e′/a′ ratio, median (IQR)

1.5 (0.875–2.143)

1.019 (0.722–1.639)

1.7 (1.455–2.429)

<0.001

E/e′ ratio, median (IQR)

5.4 (4.393–6.833)

6.167 (4.932–7.372)

5.095 (4.048–5.7)

0.008

GLS – Long axis view (%), median (IQR)

20.1 (17.9–22.2)

18.6 (17.4–20.675)

21.4 (19.1–22.6)

0.002

GLS – 4-chamber view (%), median (IQR)

18.7 (17.1–20.6)

17.7 (15.925–19.325)

20.4 (18.2–21.9)

<0.001

GLS – 2-chamber view (%), median (IQR)

18.1 (15.5–20.7)

16.05 (14.525–17.9)

20.3 (19–21.9)

<0.001

GLS – Average (%), median (IQR)

18.967 (17.333–20.917)

17.65 (16.408–18.892)

20.733 (19.067–22.267)

<0.001

  1. GLS global longitudinal strain, IQR interquartile range, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MAFLD metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, SD standard deviation.