Fig. 2: Glucose clearance is impaired after long-term valine feeding, independent of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

A Sixteen-hour fasting blood glucose in male C57BL/6 JRj mice fed low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF) or experimental HF diets supplemented with milk protein (HFMP), leucine (HFL) or valine (HFV) for 6 or 16 weeks (n = 6–8). B Sixteen-hour fasting insulin at 6 or 16 weeks (n = 6–8). C Glucose measurements during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT; oral gavage 2 g/kg body weight) after 16 h fast at 16 weeks of feeding (n = 6–8). D Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of glucose levels during oGTT at week 6 or 16 of experiment (n = 6–8). E Insulin measurements during oGTT after 16 weeks of feeding (n = 6). F Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of insulin levels during oGTT at week 6 or 16 of experiment (n = 6–8). G Glucose measurements during an insulin tolerance test (ITT; i.p. 0.75U insulin) after 2 h fast at 16 weeks (n = 6). H Area under the curve (AUC) of glucose levels during i.p. ITT (n = 6). I Heatmap of phenotypic effects. Plasma data (A, B) are expressed as interleaved box and whiskers (min to max) plots. All other data are shown as mean + SEM. LF is represented as dotted line. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared to HF and ^#p < 0.05; ^##p < 0.01; ^###p < 0.001 compared to LF.