Fig. 3: Dose–response associations of dietary sodium and β-carotene intakes with no-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

The restricted cubic spline model was basically adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education level, family monthly poverty level, smoking, drinking, sedentary time, total energy intake, dietary inflammatory index, and serum creatinine. A and C additionally adjusted for dietary β-carotene intake; B and D additionally adjusted for dietary sodium intake.