Table 2 The association of total 25(OH) vitamin D with incident diabetes.

From: The association of serum vitamin D with incident diabetes in an African American population

Institute of Medicine Guidelines

Cox proportional hazards model—hazard ratio (95% CI) of all participants (n = 3311)

25(OH) vitamin-D categories

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

<12

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

12–19.9

0.92 (0.77–1.11)

0.85 (0.71–1.02)

0.86 (0.71–1.03)

0.92 (0.77–1.12)

20+

0.78 (0.61–0.98)

0.67 (0.53–0.86)

0.69 (0.54–0.88)

0.78 (0.61–1.00)

Endocrine Society Guidelines

Cox proportional hazards model—hazard ratio (95% CI) of all participants (n= 3311)

25(OH) vitamin-D categories

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

<20

Referent

Referent

Referent

Referent

20–29.99

0.85 (0.68–1.06)

0.78 (0.62–0.98)

0.79 (0.63–1.00)

0.85 (0.68–1.07)

30+

0.52 (0.26–1.04)

0.47 (0.23–0.94)

0.49 (0.24–0.99)

0.57 (0.28–1.14)

Cox proportional hazards model—hazard ratio (95% CI) of all participants (n = 3311)

Log-25(OH) vitamin-D per 1 unit SD

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Continuous

0.94 (0.87–1.02)

0.89 (0.82–0.97)

0.90 (0.83–0.98)

0.96 (0.88–1.05)

  1. Models:
  2. Unadjusted (n = 3311).
  3. Model 1: age, sex, education, occupation status (n = 3309).
  4. Model 2: Model 1 + smoking, physical activity, alcohol use, and aldosterone (n = 3261).
  5. Model 3: Model 2 + body-mass index (kg/m2) (n = 3261).
  6. Interpretation: A 1-SD higher log-25(OH)D was associated with a 4% lower risk of incident diabetes (continuous association, Model 3, not significant).